✅ SECTION B – SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (ENGLISH)
(Q4 to Q11 — approx. 40–50 words each)
Q4. Write names of three subfields of Social Geography.
Answer (40–50 words): Three important subfields of Social Geography are:
- Population Geography – studies size, distribution, and characteristics of population.
- Cultural Geography – examines cultural practices, languages, and traditions.
- Settlement Geography – analyses rural and urban settlements, their structure, and growth patterns.
Q5. Write the names of any three approaches of Human Development.
Answer (40–50 words): Three major human development approaches are:
- Income Approach – focuses on economic growth and per capita income.
- Welfare Approach – emphasizes provision of basic needs like food, health, and education.
- Capability Approach – introduced by Amartya Sen, focusing on improving people’s abilities and opportunities.
Q6. According to 2011 census, India’s working population is divided into how many categories? Write names of any two.
Answer (40–50 words): The 2011 Census divides workers into four categories: main workers, marginal workers, cultivators, and agricultural labourers. Two examples are:
- Main Workers – engaged for 6 months or more.
- Cultivators – those who farm their own or leased land.
Q7. Give two suggestions for the development of hilly areas.
Answer (40–50 words): Two important suggestions are:
- Development of transportation and communication, enabling connectivity and access to markets.
- Promotion of eco-friendly activities like horticulture, tourism, and terrace farming to utilize natural resources sustainably and reduce soil erosion.
Q8. Explain the difference between bilateral trade and multilateral trade.
Answer (40–50 words): Bilateral trade occurs between two countries, following agreements that benefit both partners. Multilateral trade involves three or more countries, usually governed by international organizations like WTO. Multilateral trade expands market access, reduces trade barriers, and promotes global cooperation beyond two-party agreements.
Q9. Which mode of transport will you choose for transporting liquid and gaseous substances and why?
Answer (40–50 words): Pipelines are the best mode for transporting liquids and gases like petroleum, natural gas, and water. They ensure continuous, safe, and cost-effective movement over long distances. Pipelines also reduce road congestion, minimize environmental risk, and provide uninterrupted supply without manual handling.
Q10. Explain two reasons for the increase in import of petroleum products in India.
Answer (40–50 words): India imports more petroleum because:
- Rapid industrialization and urbanization, increasing demand for fuel, power, and transport.
- Limited domestic reserves that cannot meet national consumption needs, forcing reliance on foreign crude oil to sustain economic growth.
Q11. Suggest two measures to prevent water pollution.
Answer (40–50 words): Two measures include:
- Treating industrial and domestic wastewater before release into rivers and lakes.
- Promoting responsible agricultural practices, such as controlled use of fertilizers and pesticides to prevent chemical runoff and protect groundwater sources.